Immigrants in the U.S. have several options for obtaining health coverage. They can enroll in Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) if they meet the eligibility criteria. Qualified immigrants can also purchase health insurance plans through the Health Insurance Marketplace or through their employer. In addition, some states offer specific health programs for immigrants.

Qualified immigrants" include lawful permanent residents (green card holders), refugees, asylees, Cuban/Haitian entrants, certain victims of trafficking, and individuals with specified humanitarian status. Generally, immigrants who have been in the U.S. for more than five years or who meet other criteria are eligible for Medicaid and CHIP. Emergency Medicaid is generally available regardless of immigration status.

Undocumented immigrants are generally not eligible for most federally funded health coverage programs, such as Medicaid and CHIP. However, emergency medical care is available to everyone, regardless of immigration status, under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA). Some states also offer programs that provide limited health services to undocumented immigrants.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded access to health coverage for immigrants through the creation of the Health Insurance Marketplace. Lawfully present immigrants, including green card holders and those with other qualified statuses, can purchase health insurance plans through the Marketplace. Undocumented immigrants are not eligible to purchase Marketplace plans, even at full cost.

The documents required to apply for health coverage may vary depending on the program and the immigrant's status. Generally, applicants must provide proof of immigration status, such as a green card or visa documentation, social security number (if eligible), and income information. Some states may have additional requirements or accept alternative forms of documentation.